Croesus and the Witch

Vinnette Carroll was a trailblazing actress, director, and playwright who was the first African-American woman to direct a production on Broadway. Carroll attended Long Island University (B.A., 1944) and New York University (M.A., 1946). Although she was educated in psychology and for a time worked as a clinical psychologist, she left the field to study for the theatre. She appeared in several student productions at the New School for Social Research (now New School University) and made her professional debut in 1948. She first appeared on Broadway in 1957. In 1962 she won an Obie Award for her role in Errol John’s MOON ON A RAINBOW SHAWL. A strong proponent of arts education, she founded in 1967 the Urban Arts Corps (renamed the Urban Arts Theater in 1980) to foster participation by minority groups in all aspects of the theatrical arts. She based her first play, TRUMPETS OF THE LORD (1963), a musical revue, on the work of poet James Weldon Johnson. The hit gospel revue DON’T BOTHER ME, I CAN’T COPE, conceived by Carroll and with music and lyrics by Micki Grant, opened on Broadway in 1972 with Carroll as director and was nominated for four Tony Awards. Her adaptation of The Gospel According to Matthew, YOUR ARMS TOO SHORT TO BOX WITH GOD (also in collaboration with Grant), opened on Broadway in 1976 and was nominated for four Tonys. As an actress, Carroll appeared in Up the Down Staircase (1967), Alice’s Restaurant (1969), and other films. She also worked in television, and in 1964 she received an Emmy Award for Beyond the Blues.

Micki Grant was a composer, lyricist, bookwriter, singer, and actor. With DON'T BOTHER ME, I CAN'T COPE in 1972, she became the first person to solely write book, music, lyrics and star in a Broadway musical. For the same show, she also became the first woman composer to win a Grammy for Best Score From an Original Cast Show Album. Her other Broadway writing credits include additional music and lyrics for YOUR ARMS TOO SHORT TO BOX WITH GOD (1976), songs for WORKING (1978), and IT'S SO NICE TO BE CIVILIZED (book, music, and lyrics, 1980). Her other writing work includes THE UPS AND DOWNS OF THEOPHILIS MAITLAND, CROESUS AND THE WITCH, STEP LIVELY, BOY, music and lyrics for J. E. Franklin's THE PRODIGAL SISTER (1974) and music and lyrics for PHILLIS (1986). She also wrote the English lyrics for JACQUES BREL BLUES. She received a Helen Hayes Award for her performance as Sadie Delaney in a two-year tour of HAVING OUR SAY (1996), which also ran six-weeks in Johannesburg, South Africa (1998). She is the recipient of the National Black Theatre Festival's Living Legend Award (1999) and the AUDELCO's Outstanding Pioneer Award in 2000. In February 2005, she was honored at the New Federal Theatre's 35th Anniversary Gala. Grant garnered an OBIE Award for music and lyrics; a Drama Desk Award for lyrics and performance; an NAACP Image Award; an Outer Critics Circle Award for music, lyrics, and performance; and five Tony nominations. In 2013, Micki Grant was awarded the Dramatists Guild's Lifetime Achievement Award.